The history of the colonization of new territories in the `new world` is above all a history of a clash between dramatic differences in the technology of killing. Usually military operations ended with a massacre of the indigenous population due to a clear technological superiority, (the famous Gun, Steel and Germs by Jared Diamond). But every rule is not a rule if there is no exception like Isandlwana. Or the Little Big Horn...
Opponents: US Army (7th Cavalry Regiment, 678 soldiers under the command of Colonel George Custer) vs. Indian group (Cheyenne, Sioux, and Arapaho, about 3,000 warriors led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse.)
When: June 26, 1876
Where: Little Big Horn River Valley, Montana
The U.S. Army was tasked with finally driving the stubborn Indians into the planned reservations, if necessary by force. According to the agreement between the U.S. government and Chief Red Cloud, several Indian tribes were to completely relocate from their territories to those assigned to them by the U.S. government, in order for the land to be inhabited by white colonists. Many of the tribes rejected the agreement and began to resist. Especially the aforementioned tribes grouped under the leadership of the Sioux chiefs Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse. The American administration, under pressure from the hordes of white settlers, decides to lead a military expedition and herd the Indians into a reservation, and if it cannot do so, to exterminate as many of them as possible.
After several massacres of Indian tribes, mostly women, children, and the elderly, not warriors (atrocities later renamed "battles" by Hollywood), American forces, primarily the 7th Cavalry Regiment, decide to take a final offensive in the Little Big Horn River valley, where scouts locate a large group of Indian warriors. Colonel Custer is eager to gain military glory, since the massacres of women and children he has committed in the previous months could not bring him any glory or honor. He decides to attack alone with his regiment, decides not to wait for the infantry, and refuses to take the Gatling machine guns offered to him by the commander of the 20th Infantry Regiment because he believes they will only slow him down in the attack...Divided into four squads, the regiment is to attack the Indian forces according to Custer's plan, the first squad directly, the second and third on the flank, and the fourth to cut off the Indians' possible escape route.
Although the scouts report a concentration of a large group, according to their estimates at least 1500-2000 people, Custer arrogantly decides that the numerical superiority of the Indians is not a big problem...Around 3 p.m., the attack begins. The first squad galloped directly at the group of Indians, who were armed mainly with firearms, with the popular Winchester repeaters that held 7-15 rounds in the magazine, depending on the model, unlike the standard US Army rifles that had to be reloaded after each shot. Naturally, the Indians had purchased the rifles from whites, for a good price. In a bizarre twist of circumstances, technological innovation was on the side of the native forces this time. At the same time, the second and third squads pressed on the flanks in order to outflank the Indians. However, Crazy Horse easily anticipated this and led a large group of warriors (about 1,000) to outflank the second and third squads using numerical superiority, speed, and superior riding skills.
In a classic encirclement pincer maneuver, three-quarters of Custer's force walked into a trap. The fourth squad, which was in the background, hearing that a major battle had broken out, headed towards the scene in order to unblock the three squads. During that time, completely surrounded and with the balance of forces clearly in favor of the Indians, the three squads were destroyed to the last man in less than two hours. Custer fell on the battlefield and was later scalped. The fourth squad was powerless to do anything more, it was only drawn into the debacle and completely defeated like the remaining three, thus giving birth to the legend of the masters of the rural guerrilla, Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse, and George Custer, who nevertheless entered history through the back door, also finds his place on various rankings of the most incompetent commanders in military history...
The losses of the Indians are estimated at around 130 dead and 160 wounded. From the American side what survived was - one horse...
(Roger Mortis, 061)